London Family History Records

London Genealogical Records

Birth & Baptism

London Birth & Baptism Records

Searchable database
St Botolph Bishopsgate, London Baptism Records (1859-1869)

Baptism registers record the baptism of those born in and around St Botolph Bishopsgate, London and were subsequently baptised in an Anglican place of worship. They are the primary source of birth details before 1837, though are useful to the present.

Searchable database
St Bartholomew, Moor Lane, London Baptism Records (1850-1901)

Baptism registers are the primary source for birth documentation before 1837, though are relevant to the present. They record the date a child was baptised, their parent's names, occupations, residence and more.

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Holy Trinity Gough Square, London Baptism Records (1842-1906)

Records of baptism for people born in and around Holy Trinity Gough Square, London between 1842 and 1906. Details include child's name, parent's names and dates of birth and/or baptism.

Searchable database
St Thomas in the Liberty of the Rolls Baptisms (1842-1858)

Baptism registers are the primary source for birth documentation before 1837, though are relevant to the present. They record the date a child was baptised, their parent's names, occupations, residence and more.

Searchable database
All Saints Skinner Street, London Baptism Records (1834-1865)

Name index linked to original images of the baptism registers of All Saints Skinner Street, London. Records document parent's names and date of baptism and/or birth.

Marriage & Divorce

London Marriage & Divorce Records

Searchable database
St John the Evangelist Friday St, London Marriages (1906-1910)

Name index linked to original images of the marriage registers of St John the Evangelist Friday Street, London. Records document marriages from 1906 to 1910. Details may include a party's age, residence, martial status, father's name and signature.

Searchable database
Middlesex Stoke Newington, St Faith Marriages (1873-1915)

Details on those who married at Middlesex Stoke Newington, St Faith, London between 1873 and 1915. Information given usually includes abode and marital status. After April 1837 father's names and ages are recorded.

Searchable database
All Saints Skinner Street, London Marriage Records (1864-1869)

Marriage registers are the primary source for marital documentation before 1837, though are relevant to the present. They typically the record marital status and residence of the bride and groom.

Searchable database
St Bartholomew, Moor Lane, London Marriage Records (1850-1899)

Marriage registers are the primary source for marital documentation before 1837, though are relevant to the present. They typically record marital status and residence. Details may also be given on a party's parents, age and parish of origin.

Searchable database
St Peter Paul's Wharf, London Marriage Records (1828-1834)

Marriage registers record Anglican marriages in St Peter Paul's Wharf, London. They are the primary marriage document before 1837 and contain the same details as marriage certificates from then on.

Death & Burial

London Death & Burial Records

Searchable database
Blofield, London Burial Records (1883)

Records of burial for people buried at Blofield, London between 1883 and 1883. Details include the deceased's name, residence and age.

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Lothbury St Margaret, London Burial Records (1825-1852)

Name index linked to original images of the burial registers of Lothbury St Margaret, London. Records document an individual's date of death and/or burial, age residence and more.

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All Hallows Honeylane, London Burial Records (1814-1851)

Name index linked to original images of the burial registers of All Hallows Honeylane, London. Records document an individual's date of death and/or burial, age residence and more.

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Christchurch, London Burial Records (1814-1836)

Name index linked to original images of the burial registers of Christchurch, London. Records document an individual's date of death and/or burial, age residence and more.

Searchable database
St Paul's Cathedral, London Burial Records (1814-1838)

Burial registers are the primary source for death documentation before 1837, though are relevant to the present. They record the date someone was buried, their age & residence.

Church

London Church Records

Searchable database
London Parish Registers (1535-1853)

The parish registers of London are a collection of books documenting baptisms, marriages and burials from 1535 to 1853.

London Parish Registers (1684-1690)

Baptism, marriage & burial records transcribed from the registers of London presented in the form of a printed book.

Searchable database
Middlesex Parish Register Index with Images (1538-1812)

An index connected to original images of most early Middlesex & London parish registers. Also includes over 100 registers from Surrey, Essex and Kent.

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London, Middlesex & Surrey CoE Confirmation Records (1850-1921)

Confirmations are Church of England ceremonies conducted by Bishops that affirm one's commitment to the doctrines of the church. These records contain the names of those confirmed, their age, date of baptism & confirmation, address and sometimes other details. The records are indexed by name and connected to images of the original registers.

Finding aid
Act Books of the Archbishops of Canterbury (1663-1859)

An index to names and places mentioned in act books of the Province of Canterbury. It records various licences and conferments, such as marriage and physician licences.

Census & Population Lists

London Census & Population Lists

Searchable database
London Land Tax Valuations (1910)

An index linked to original images of lists of those eligible to vote in London. Records contain properties - their owners and occupiers and the yearly rent or value of a property.

Searchable database
Marylebone 1831 Census Transcript (1831)

A list of householders in Marylebone, London in 1831.

Searchable database
Marylebone 1821 Census Transcript (1821)

A list of householders in Marylebone, London in 1821.

Searchable database
London Electoral Registers (1832-1965)

Lists of those registered to vote in London, including their residence and sometimes other supplementary details. Useful for tracing families in between censuses and can be used as a post-1911 census substitute, as listings are ordered by residence. A name index connected to original images.

Searchable database
England 1911 Census Index & Images (1911)

The 1911 census gives details on over 30 million people living in England in 1911. Details include, age, birthplace, occupation, relationships to others, disabilities and more. Each person is indexed and linked to images of the original schedules.

Wills & Probate

London Wills & Probate Records

Searchable database
Peculiar Court of St Paul’s Wills & Probate (1660-1837)

A searchable index connected to images surviving wills and probate documents for the Peculiar Court of the Dean and Chapter of St Paul’s. These records can help trace families back to the 17th century.

Searchable database
Archdeaconry Court of London Wills & Probate (1524-1804)

A searchable index connected to images surviving wills and probate documents for the Archdeaconry Court of London. These records can help trace families back to the late 15th century.

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Commissary Court of London Wills & Probate (1523-1857)

A searchable index connected to images surviving wills and probate documents for the Commissary Court of London. These records can help trace families back to the late 15th century.

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Commissary Court of London Probate Index (1750-1858)

An index to probates granted by the Commissary Court of London. The index contains name of the deceased, type and date of grant and residence.

Searchable database
Archdeaconry Court of London Probate Index (1750-1858)

An index to probates granted by the Archdeaconry Court of London. The index contains name of the deceased, type and date of grant and residence.

Newspapers

Newspapers Covering London

Searchable database
South London Press (1867)

A local paper including news from the London area, legal & governmental proceedings, family announcements, business notices, advertisements and more.

Searchable database
Shoreditch Observer (1857-1867)

A local paper including news from the Shoreditch area, legal & governmental proceedings, family announcements, business notices, advertisements and more.

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London Standard (1827-1900)

Original images of a local newspaper, searchable via a full text index. Includes news from the London area, business notices, obituaries, family announcements and more.

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Southern Star (1840)

A chartist newspaper that reported on chartist and 'radical' activities in the London area.

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London Dispatch (1836-1839)

A short-lived newspaper used to disseminate 'radical' political virtues.

Obituaries

London Obituaries

Searchable database
iAnnounce Obituaries (2006-Present)

The UKs largest repository of obituaries, containing millions of searchable notices.

Finding aid
United Kingdom and Ireland Obituary Collection (1882-Present)

A growing collection currently containing over 425,000 abstracts of obituaries with reference to the location of the full obituary.

Searchable database
Quakers Annual Monitor (1847-1848)

A collection of 364 obituaries of Quakers from the British Isles. The volume was published in 1849 and includes obituaries of those who died in late 1847 through 1848.

Searchable database
Musgrave's Obituaries (1421-1800)

This transcribed and searchable work by Sir William Musgrave contains 10,000s of brief obituaries. The work is a reference point for other works containing information on an individual.

Cemeteries

London Cemeteries

Searchable database
Billion Graves (1200-Present)

Photographs and transcriptions of millions of gravestones from cemeteries around the world.

Directories & Gazetteers

London Directories & Gazetteers

Searchable database
Post Office Directory of London (1938)

Place-by-place listings of private and commercial residents, supplemented with descriptions of the settlement.

Searchable database
Post Office Directory of London (1934)

Place-by-place listings of private and commercial residents, supplemented with descriptions of the settlement.

Searchable database
Post Office London Location Suburbs Directory (1919)

Place-by-place listings of private and commercial residents, supplemented with descriptions of the settlement.

Searchable database
Post Office London Location Suburbs Directory (1918)

Place-by-place listings of private and commercial residents, supplemented with descriptions of the settlement.

Searchable database
Post Office London Location Suburbs Directory (1917)

Place-by-place listings of private and commercial residents, supplemented with descriptions of the settlement.

Court & Legal
Book: On-line or in-print
City of London Inquisitions Post Mortem (1577-1603)

Abstracts of records assessing the estates of the monarch's direct tenants. Contains details of estates and families.

Book: On-line or in-print
City of London Inquisitions Post Mortem (1561-1577)

Abstracts of records assessing the estates of the monarch's direct tenants. Contains details of estates and families.

Searchable database
London Inquisitions Post Mortem (1485-1603)

Abstracts of inquisitions post mortem from the Court of Chancery from Tudor period. These records were made on the death of landowners and can contain considerable details on landholdings and families. Ages are often recorded.

Book: On-line or in-print
City of London Inquisitions Post Mortem (1485-1561)

Abstracts of records assessing the estates of the monarch's direct tenants. Contains details of estates and families.

Searchable database
London Poor Law & Board of Guardian Records (1430-1930)

Original images of a vast array of documents detailing the administration of the dependant poor in London. Including: school registers, rate books, removals, settlements, apprenticeships, criminal records, legal records and more.

Taxation

London Taxation Records

Searchable database
London Land Tax Valuations (1910)

An index linked to original images of lists of those eligible to vote in London. Records contain properties - their owners and occupiers and the yearly rent or value of a property.

Searchable database
Land Tax Redemption (1798-1811)

This vital collection details almost 1.2 million properties eligible for land tax. Records include the name of the landowner, occupier, amount assessed and sometimes the name and/or description of the property. It is a useful starting point for locating relevant estate records and establishing the succession of tenancies and freehold. Most records cover 1798, but some extend up to 1811.

Searchable database
Duties Paid for Apprentices' Indentures (1710-1811)

An index linked to original images of registers recording apprenticeship indentures. Details are given on the trade and nature of apprenticeship. Many records list the parents of the apprentice.

Searchable database
Red Book of the Exchequer (1066-1230)

A compilation of records from the Court of the Exchequer primarily dealing with taxes and land. These records are in Latin.

Finding aid
Index to Death Duty Registers (1796-1903)

An index to wills and administrations that incurred a death duty tax. The index can be used to order documents that give a brief abstract of the will and details on the duty. It can be used as a make-shift probate index.

Land & Property

London Land & Property Records

Searchable database
London Land Tax Valuations (1910)

An index linked to original images of lists of those eligible to vote in London. Records contain properties - their owners and occupiers and the yearly rent or value of a property.

Book: On-line or in-print
City of London Inquisitions Post Mortem (1577-1603)

Abstracts of records assessing the estates of the monarch's direct tenants. Contains details of estates and families.

Book: On-line or in-print
City of London Inquisitions Post Mortem (1561-1577)

Abstracts of records assessing the estates of the monarch's direct tenants. Contains details of estates and families.

Searchable database
London Inquisitions Post Mortem (1485-1603)

Abstracts of inquisitions post mortem from the Court of Chancery from Tudor period. These records were made on the death of landowners and can contain considerable details on landholdings and families. Ages are often recorded.

Book: On-line or in-print
City of London Inquisitions Post Mortem (1485-1561)

Abstracts of records assessing the estates of the monarch's direct tenants. Contains details of estates and families.

Occupations & Business

London Occupation & Business Records

Searchable database
Thames Watermen and Lightermen Records (1688-2012)

Almost 100,000 various records shedding light into the work of Thames watermen (men who ferried passengers) and lightermen (men who ferried cargo).

Searchable database
Freedom of the City of London Admission Papers (1680-1925)

240,000 documents, indexed by name that deal with the admission of men to the freedom of the City of London. Records contain information on trades, apprenticeships and are a useful pre-1837 source for fathers' names.

Searchable database
Aldermen of the City of London (1230-1908)

A list of those elected to serve as aldermen in London, with detail on the system of aldermen.

Searchable database
London Match Workers' Strike Records (1888)

Transcriptions of documents detailing 714 individuals employed in the match industry who went on strike in 1888. The records reveal the names, addresses, occupations and wages of the strikers. They also tell you how much they were paid by the strike fund and detail their marital status and who they lived with.

Searchable database
Royal Household Staff (1526-1924)

A name index connected to original images of over 75,000 records recording the lives of those employed by the royal family.

Schools & Education

London School & Education Records

Searchable database
London School Admissions & Discharges Registers (1840-1911)

Records or admission and discharge for over 1 million pupils attending over 800 state schools in London. Records are indexed by name linked to original images of the registers; and may contain details on the pupil's parents, date of birth, residence, parent's occupations and scholastic history.

Searchable database
Teacher's Registration Council Registers (1870-1948)

A name index linked to original images of registers recording the education and careers of teachers in England & Wales.

Searchable database
Oxford University Alumni (1500-1886)

A name index linked to original images of short biographies for over 120,000 Oxford University students. This is a particularly useful source for tracing the ancestry of the landed gentry.

Searchable database
Cambridge University Alumni (1261-1900)

A transcript of a vast scholarly work briefly chronicling the heritage, education and careers of over 150,000 Cambridge University students. This is a particularly useful source for tracing the ancestry of the landed gentry.

Searchable database
Official List of Registered Teachers (1917)

A directory of registered teachers – their current school and date of registration. Also contains details on officers and operations of the Teachers Registration Council.

Pedigrees & Family Trees

Pedigrees & Family Trees Covering London

Searchable database
The Visitation of London (1066-1635)

A collections of pedigrees of London families with right to bare a coat of arms. Pedigrees were compiled in the early 17th century.

Searchable database
Boyd's Inhabitants of London and Boyd's Family Units (1200-1946)

An essential work for those researching in and around London. This publication gives genealogical and brief biographical information on several hundred thousands inhabitants of London and the surrounding area.

British & Irish Royal & Noble Genealogies (491-1603)

Extensive and impeccably sourced genealogies for British, Irish & Manx royalty and nobility. Scroll down to 'British Isles' for relevant sections.

Searchable database
FamilySearch Community Trees (6000 BC-Present)

A searchable database of linked genealogies compiled from thousands of reputable and not-so-reputable sources. Contains many details on European gentry & nobility, but covers many countries outside Europe and people from all walks of life.

Searchable database
Visitation of England and Wales (1700-1899)

Over 600 pedigrees for English and Welsh families who had a right to bear a coat of arms.

Royalty, Nobility & Heraldry

London Royalty, Nobility & Heraldry Records

Searchable database
The Visitation of London (1066-1635)

A collections of pedigrees of London families with right to bare a coat of arms. Pedigrees were compiled in the early 17th century.

Searchable database
Royal Household Staff (1526-1924)

A name index connected to original images of over 75,000 records recording the lives of those employed by the royal family.

British & Irish Royal & Noble Genealogies (491-1603)

Extensive and impeccably sourced genealogies for British, Irish & Manx royalty and nobility. Scroll down to 'British Isles' for relevant sections.

Searchable database
FamilySearch Community Trees (6000 BC-Present)

A searchable database of linked genealogies compiled from thousands of reputable and not-so-reputable sources. Contains many details on European gentry & nobility, but covers many countries outside Europe and people from all walks of life.

Searchable database
Visitation of England and Wales (1700-1899)

Over 600 pedigrees for English and Welsh families who had a right to bear a coat of arms.

Military

London Military Records

Searchable database
Historical Records of the Middlesex Yeomanry (1797-1927)

A general history of the yeomanry, focusing on the involvement of its men in WWI.

Searchable database
Prisoners of War of British Army (1939-1945)

A searchable list of over 100,000 British Army POWs. Records contains details on the captured, their military career and where they were held prisoner.

Searchable database
British Prisoners of World War II (1939-1945)

Details on around 165,000 men serving in the British Army, Navy and Air Force who were held as prisoners during WWII.

Searchable database
British Army WWI Medal Rolls (1914-1920)

Index and original images of over 5 million medal index cards for British soldiers It can be searched by individual's name, Coprs, Unit and Regiment. Due to the loss of many WWI service records, this is the most complete source for British WWI soldiers

Searchable database
British Army WWI Service Records (1914-1920)

This rich collection contains contains records for 1.9 million non-commissioned officers and other ranks who fought in WWI. Due to bomb damage in WWI, around 60% of service records were lost. Documents cover: enlistment, medical status, injuries, conduct, awards and discharge. A great deal of genealogical and biographical documentation can be found in these documents, including details on entire families, physical descriptions and place of birth.

Immigration & Travel

London Immigration & Travel Records

Searchable database
Middlesex Convict Transportation Contracts (1682-1787)

Orders to remove convicts from Middlesex and deport them to penal colonies.

Searchable database
Passenger Lists Leaving UK (1890-1960)

A name index connected to original images of passenger lists recording people travelling from Britain to destinations outside Europe. Records may detail a passenger's age or date of birth, residence, occupation, destination and more.

Searchable database
UK Incoming Passenger Lists (1878-1960)

A full index of passenger lists for vessels arriving in the UK linked to original images. Does not include lists from vessels sailing from European ports. Early entries can be brief, but later entries may include dates of births, occupations, home addresses and more. Useful for documenting immigration.

Searchable database
Alien Arrivals in England (1810-1869)

Details on over 600,000 non-British citizens arriving in England. Often includes age and professions. Useful for discerning the origin of immigrants.

Searchable database
17th Century British Emigrants to the U.S. (1600-1700)

Details on thousands of 17th century British immigrants to the U.S., detailing their origins and nature of their immigration.

Histories

London Histories & Books

Searchable database
Aldermen of the City of London (1230-1908)

A list of those elected to serve as aldermen in London, with detail on the system of aldermen.

Searchable database
Kearsley's London Register (1787)

A register concerning: London's wards, their history, demographics and lists of their aldermen; the history and demographics of the city's parishes and details on the city's government, officers and officials.

Searchable database
Geograph: Photos of the UK and Ireland (2005-Present)

A growing database including millions of photographs of the United Kingdom, Isle of Man and Ireland catalogued by latitude & longitude and OS grid reference.

Searchable database
UK & Ireland Historical Postcards (1885-1950)

Over 19,000 postcards depicting places in the UK & Ireland.

Searchable database
A Vision of Britain (1190-Present)

A sprawling website setting out and describing the historical divisions of Britain. Also contains countless maps of various sorts. Covers the UK, Ireland, Isle of Man & has fleeting details of other localities.

Biographies

Biographical Directories Covering London

Searchable database
Oxford University Alumni (1500-1886)

A name index linked to original images of short biographies for over 120,000 Oxford University students. This is a particularly useful source for tracing the ancestry of the landed gentry.

Searchable database
Cambridge University Alumni (1261-1900)

A transcript of a vast scholarly work briefly chronicling the heritage, education and careers of over 150,000 Cambridge University students. This is a particularly useful source for tracing the ancestry of the landed gentry.

Searchable database
Crockford's Clerical Directories (1868-1914)

Brief biographies of Anglican clergy in the UK.

Searchable database
The Concise Dictionary of National Biography (1654-1930)

A directory containing lengthy biographies of noted British figures. The work took over two decades to compile. Biographies can be searched by name and are linked to images of the original publication.

Searchable database
Chalmers' General Biographical Dictionary (1013-1812)

Detailed biographies of thousands of notable Europeans with details on ancestry.

Maps

London Maps

Maps of London (1563-1918)

Digital images of maps covering London.

Maps of Middlesex (1610-1892)

Digital images of maps covering the county.

Searchable database
A Vision of Britain (1190-Present)

A sprawling website setting out and describing the historical divisions of Britain. Also contains countless maps of various sorts. Covers the UK, Ireland, Isle of Man & has fleeting details of other localities.

Maps of England (1360-1922)

Digital images of maps covering the country.

Old Maps Online (1497-2010)

An interactive index to thousands of maps covering the world, continents, countries and regions. The majority of maps cover Britain and Ireland.

Reference

London Reference Works

England Research Guide (1538-Present)

A beginner’s guide to researching ancestry in England.

Building History Research Guide (1066-Present)

A comprehensive guide to researching the history of buildings in the British Isles.

Wages in England & Wales (1264-1980)

A comprehensive overview of wages in England & Wales from late medieval to modern times.

Searchable database
Glossary of Terms Used in Heraldry (1200-1700)

A dictionary of words used in heraldry, supplemented with over 1,000 illustrations.

Searchable database
English Surnames: Their Sources and Significations (1066-1650)

A look at the origins of English surnames.

London Historical Information & Demographics

London Information

Ecclesiastical Juristiction
ProvinceCanterbury
DioceseLondon
ArchdeaconryLondon
Deanery
London Historical Descriptions

Historical Description

In a large sence, the Cities of LONDON and WESTMINSTER, with the Borough of Southwark, and whole mass of contiguous Buildings; but in a stricter Acceptation, the City and Liberties of LONDON which having in Antiquity admitted of various Appellacions: Is at present by the Modern French call'd Londres; by other Nations, Londra and Lunden; and in Latine, Londinium.

For Antiquity, 'tis Recorded as Caesar above 1700 Years ago; and Corn Tacitus, more than 1600 Years since, accounts It Famous for Commerce and Frequency of Merchants: To which, add the Mention Amm.Marcel. Makes of Theodosius's coming hither; and the Inscription of a Roman Coyn in Honor of Britannicus Son of Claudius, where you have, METROPOLIS ETIMINIS BASILICOS LONDINUM, not above half a Century after Christ, to prove it both a City and a Metropolis in those Days.

Commodiously situated both for Pleasure and Profit, the River of Thames washing the South-side, or dividing it from Southwark, being distant about 60 Miles from the Eastern and Southern Seas; whereby 'tis equally Accommodated for Importing Merchandise from Abroad, and receiving neccesary Supplies of Provisions at Home.

It may be said to be Situate on the South Limits of the County of Middlesex, or at the Conjunction of that County with Surrey, though It is really a City and County of It self; having for four Miles to the North and South a pleasant Green Valley.

The City and Liberties contain 113 Parishes, and is Divided into six and Twenty Wards, each Govern'd by an Alderman and Deputy. It contains within the Walls 380 Acres, but within the Liberties Bounded on the South by the Thames, and on the West, North and East, with a Chain, the Line of the Freedom: It is 680 Acres; all as full of good and great buildings as conveniency can allow. The Length from Temple-Bar in the West, to White-Chapel-Bars in the East, is 9256 Foot, or one Mile, six Furlongs, and a Pole: The Breadth is seven Furlongs, and two Poles, of 4653 Foot, viz. From the Bars in Bishopgate-street to the Bridg, One of the Remarkables of EUROPE, consisting in nineteen mighty Arches, being in Length sixty four Poles, or 1056 Foot, the fifth Part of an English Mile, accounting 8 Furlongs to a Mile, 40 Poles to a Furlong, 16 Foot and a half to a Pole.

But reckoning the adjoyning Suburbs and WESTMINSTER, and then measuring from Black-Wall inclusive, to the End of St. James's Street beyond Petty-France, it is seven Miles and a half; and from the End of St. Leonard Shoreditch, to the End of Blackman-street in Southwark, the Breadth from North to South, is above two Miles and a half.

The Ecclesiastical Government of the City of LONDON, is by a Bishop, who hath Precedency next to the Arch-Bishop; numbering in a continual Succession of Ten Centuries and an half, Ninety two Bishops. The Cathedral hath a Dean and Chapter, a Treasurer, and thirty Prebendaries: The Diocess contains Middlesex, Essex, and Part of Hertfordshire, and has Five Arch-Deacons, viz. Of London, Middlesex, Essex, Colchester and St. Albans.

The old Cathedral Dedicated to St. Paul, containing in Length from East to West, six hundred and ninety Foot, in Breadth from North to South, one hundred and thirty Foot, (Built in From of a Cross) one hundred and two Foot in Height; adorn'd with a Tower of two hundred and sixty Foot, and a Spire of two hundred and sixty foot more, exalting itself from the Midst of the Cross: This stately Spire cover'd with Lead, with a great Part of the Church, was Ruin'd by Fire, Anno 1561. and after several Eminent Repairs by the Bounty and Piety of Queen Elizabeth, King Charles the Martyr the Bishops of Canterbury, with the Clergy, & the City of LONDON, It was at last wholly destroy'd by dreadful Fire, September the 2, 3, and 4th. Anno Domini 1666. But by the Pious Care and Encouragement of His Sacred Majesty, upon a better Foundation is already very far advanc'd a more Glorious Structure.

The Civil Government of the City of LONDON, in the Romans Time was by a Præfect, the Title continuing three hundred Years: In the Saxons Time by a Portreeve; which after the Conquest was chang'd into, sometimes a Bailiff, and sometimes a Provost. Richard the First Granted them two bailiffs, and King John chang'd them into a Mayor and two Sheriffs: The Mayor with the Court of Alderman and Common-Councel, (like the three Estates in Parliament) Makes Laws.

And to them is added, a Recorder, Chamberlain, Town-Clerk, Common-Sergeant, Remembrancer, Vice-Chamberlain &c.

The Militia of this City and Liberties, as it was Settled soon after His Majesty's Restauration, in six Regiments of Train'd-Bands, and as many Auxiliaries, amount to twenty Thousand Foot, and the Horse eight hundred; the Tower Hamlets, with the train'd-Bands of Southwark and Westminster eight Thousand five hundred more: But in Case of Necessity, there may be Rais'd at least eight thousand able fighting Men, which being Officer'd by the Members of the Artillery-Company, Commanded by His Royal Hughness, ar a Force sufficient to oppose and Enemy, either Forreign of Domestick.

The Mayor of LONDON is, during his Mayoralty, Honor'd with the Title of Lord; Four of his Domestick Attendants are Esquires, viz. The Sword-Bearer, the Common-Hunt, the Common-Cryer, and the Water, Bayliff. He is usually Chosen on Michaelmas Day, and on the Twenty Ninth of October, with great State, Convey'd to Westminster, where taking his Oath, and returning to the Guild-Hall of the City, a most Magnificant Feast is Prepar'd frequently Honor'd with the Presence of the King and Queen, Nobility, and Judges, &c. The sheriffs of the City are Sheriffs of Middlesex, also, who attending the Lord-Mayor, appear Abroad usually on Horseback, wearing Gold-chains, and on a Festivals their Scarlet Gowns, worn likewise by all the Aldermen; but such who have been Lord-Mayors, wear also their Gold-Chains ever after. The Lord-Mayor has His Great Macc and Sword born before Him, and at Coronations claims to be Chief Butler.

The Traders of this City are divided into several Corporations or Companies, the twelve Principal, of one of which the Lord-Mayor is always Free, are the Mercers, Grocers, Drapers, Fish-mongers, Gold-smiths, Skiners, Merchant-Taylors, Haberdashers, Salters, Iron-mongers, Vintoners, and Cloath-Workers; Whose Halls or Guilds resemble so many stately Pallaces; and their Government, not much unlike that of the City, is by a Master, Wardens, and Assistants: The rest of the Companies, to the number of about Seventy, besides the first Twelve, have also their Halls, Governors, and Officers, with their Armorial Ensignes, &c. And are accounted One of the Glories of this Super-Eminent City.

To these We may add, the several Companies of Merchants Trading to Foreign Parts: As, Russia, Turky, East-India, East-Land, and Africa; whose great Adventures, Care and Conduct, for the Increase of Trade and Navigation, is (under Our Gracious Soveraign) the Glory, Riches, and Strength of not only this City, but the Kingdom also. These merchants Meet, for the ready Dispatch of Business, twice a-day upon the Royal-Exchange, first Built by Sr. Thomas Gresham, Anno 1566. But since the Fire more spendidly Re-built by the City and Company of Mercers.

This great and populous City is supply'd with all sorts of Provisions and Necessaries for Sustenance and Delight, as well from the Shops and Butchers-Shambles, as the many Markets, wherewith both the City and Suburbs are furnish'd , and they plentifully Stor'd both from Land and Water. The Thames, which, twice-a-day, brings into her Bosom, Ships Fraught with the Rarities and Riches of the World, is also convey'd by Engines into the highest Parts of the City; which, with the several Springs and Conduits, receiving adjacent Fountains, and the New-River, brought thither at great Labor and Cost, from Ware, by Sir. Hugh Midleton, Annon 1613. so furnishes This, that no City in the World is more abundantly supply'd with Water. Neither is it less accommodated for Fuel, which is Convey'd to it by the River Thames, from New-Castle, Scotland, Kent, and Essex.

Thus we have We given you a Cursory Account of this Celebrated Emporium, which for Situation, Extent, Government, Magnificence, Plenty, Riches and Strength, may Challenge and European City whatsoever.

London Survey'd by John Ogilby (1600-1676), written: 1676

London, the Seat of the Britains Empire, and the Chamber of the Kings of England It is in compass about 8 miles: the little City Westminster, of old more than a mile distant, is now by fair buildings joyned to London, and is famous for the Church, (wherein the Kings and Nobles have stately Sepulchers) and for the Courts of Justice at Westminster-Hall, where the Parliaments are extraordinarily held, and ordinarily the Chancery, and Kings-Bench; also it hath the Kings stately Palace called Whitehall; to which is joyned the Park and House of St. James. The City of London hath the sumptuous Church of St. Paul, beautified with rich Sepulchers; and the Burse, or Exchange, a stately house built for the meeting of Merchants; a very sumptuous and wonderfull Bridge, built over the Thames; many fair and stately Palaces, whereof great part lye scattered in unfrequented places.

A Geographical Description of the World by George Meriton (1634-1711), written: 1671
Most Common Surnames in London

Surnames Found in London

RankSurnameNo. of People% of Population
1Smith14541.43
2Jones7800.77
3Brown6240.61
4Williams4950.49
5Davis4930.48
6Taylor4490.44
7Harris4000.39
8Johnson3580.35
9White3560.35
10Clark3470.34
11Wood3220.32
12Hall3210.32
13King3200.31
14Allen3170.31
15Green3090.30
16Edwards3090.30
17Walker3070.30
18Martin3060.30
19Wilson2970.29
20Baker2960.29
21Roberts2890.28
22Evans2860.28
23Wright2730.27
24Levy2720.27
25Robinson2690.26
26Hill2640.26
27Moore2590.25
28Morris2570.25
29Phillips2520.25
30Lewis2440.24
31Davies2420.24
32Cooper2390.23
33Collins2350.23
34Thomas2280.22
35Cohen2220.22
36Jackson2160.21
37Young2160.21
38Cook2150.21
39Clarke2140.21
40Carter2130.21
41McCarthy2100.21
42Chapman2080.20
43Turner2070.20
44Lee2070.20
45Webb2050.20
46Thompson2020.20
47Cox2020.20
48Sullivan2020.20
49Price1940.19
50Miller1910.19
51Ward1880.18
52Harrison1870.18
53Morgan1870.18
54Bennett1860.18
55James1810.18
56Rogers1810.18
57Jacobs1790.18
58Scott1780.17
59Hart1750.17
60Reynolds1730.17
61Newman1690.17
62Palmer1650.16
63Bailey1630.16
64Fisher1580.16
65Murphy1580.16
66Adams1550.15
67Ellis1550.15
68Stevens1550.15
69Hughes1540.15
70Parker1540.15
71Richardson1520.15
72Mills1520.15
73Watson1500.15
74Cole1490.15
75Isaacs1460.14
76Harvey1450.14
77Brooks1440.14
78Mason1420.14
79Murray1410.14
80Porter1410.14
81Payne1400.14
82Page1400.14
83Day1380.14
84Hunt1360.13
85Knight1350.13
86Riley1340.13
87West1320.13
88Barker1300.13
89Ford1300.13
90Russell1290.13
91Kelly1280.13
92Howard1280.13
93Hayes1280.13
94Mitchell1270.12
95Simpson1260.12
96Holmes1260.12
97Powell1260.12
98Dunn1240.12
99Wells1240.12
100Lloyd1230.12

* Statistics based on the 1881 census